As the Arizona nights grow cooler and the days shorter, desert tortoises begin preparing for one of the most fascinating parts of their natural cycle, hibernation. Also known as brumation in reptiles, this seasonal slowdown allows tortoises to conserve energy during months when temperatures are too low for proper digestion and food is scarce. While it’s a normal and healthy behavior, hibernation can be stressful for both tortoise and owner if not handled properly.
Healthy tortoises only should be allowed to hibernate; animals that are underweight, ill, or recovering from an infection may not survive the process. That’s why a pre-hibernation veterinary exam is so important. At Tree of Life Exotic Pet Medical Center, we check hydration, weight, and overall health before approving a tortoise for hibernation. In the weeks leading up to the cold season, owners should make sure their tortoise is eating well, staying hydrated with regular warm soaks, and gradually reducing food intake so the digestive system can clear out.
Once your tortoise is ready, the next step is ensuring a safe place to sleep. Many Arizona tortoises successfully hibernate outdoors in a well-constructed burrow that stays between 40 and 55°F, remains dry, and won’t flood during rain. For those living in areas that get too cold or damp, a controlled indoor “hibernation box” kept in a quiet garage or storage area can be a safer choice. Whether indoors or out, the environment should remain stable, quiet, and dark to prevent unnecessary stress.
During hibernation, owners should still check on their tortoise about once a month. A small weight loss is normal, but anything over about one percent of body weight per month could signal dehydration or illness. If your tortoise wakes early, shows nasal discharge, or loses significant weight, it’s time to call your veterinarian. As spring temperatures rise back into the 70s, your tortoise will naturally begin to stir. That’s the time to offer a warm soak, fresh greens, and a post-hibernation wellness exam to ensure they’ve made it through the winter safely.
With the right preparation and monitoring, hibernation is a natural, healthy part of desert tortoise care, not something to fear. For a complete guide, including step-by-step preparation tips and temperature recommendations, visit our Hibernation Recommendations page. And if you’d like to schedule a pre or post hibernation exam for your tortoise, call Tree of Life Exotic Pet Medical Center at 480-530-0370 or visit www.treeoflifeexotics.vet.
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